PENGENALAN DIRI

PENGENALAN DIRI

Nama diberi Savarina Alwani, berasal dari Sarawak. Merupakan anak kedua daripada enam orang adik-beradik. Semasa tadika, saya bersekolah di Freda Radin School yang terletak di Brunei. Kemudian ketika berusia 6 tahun saya berpindah ke tadika Chin Chin yang terletak di Miri, Sarawak. Saya menyambung pelajaran di Sekolah Kebangsaan South sehingga tamat tahun 6. Kemudian, saya berpindah ke Kanowit untuk melanjutkan pelajaran di Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Kanowit. Saya menuntut ilmu di situ sehingga tamat tingkatan 5. Setelah menerima keputusan SPM, saya  ditawarkan dengan pelbagai tawaran pelajaran antaranya UPM (Diploma Perhutanan), Politeknik (Diploma Kejuruteraan), UPSI (Diploma Sains), Tingkatan 6 (Sains Tulen) dan tawaran dari universiti-universiti swasta. Sebenarnya, pilihan utama saya ialah Maktab dan pilihan kedua ialah matrik. Tapi dua-dua tak dapat. Sedihnya sampai seminggu saya berkurung dalam bilik. Hahaha. Bukan rezeki. Akhirnya, UPSI juga lah jadi tempat untuk sambung Diploma. hihihi. Sekarang saya semester 4 dah. Lagi dua semester sebelum tamatnya pengajian saya sebagai anak kandung Suluh Budiman. :) Ok, Salam perkenalan semua! 

P/S: tak semua saya cerita sini, kalau nak tahu lebih lanjut cari lah saya. hahah

CHAPTER 8 & 9

CHAPTER 8:DIGITAL STORAGE

Storage

•A storage medium is the physical material on which a computer keeps data, information, programs, and applications

•Cloud storage is another storage option, in which the actual online storage media used is transparent to the user

•Access time measures:

–The amount of time it takes a storage device to locate an item on a storage medium

–The time required to deliver an item from memory to the processor

Hard disks

•A hard disk contains one or more inflexible, circular platters that use magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and information

•Characteristics of a hard disk include:

•A head crash occurs when a read/write head touches the surface of a platter

•Always keep a backup of your hard disk

•An external hard disk is a separate freestanding storage device that connects with a cable to a USB port or other port on a computer or mobile device

Flash memory storage

•Flash memory chips are a type of solid state media and contain no moving parts

•An SSD (solid state drive) vs HDD:

•A memory card is a removable flash memory device that you insert and remove from a slot in a computer, mobile device, or card reader/writer

•USB flash drives plug into a USB port on a computer or mobile device

Cloud storage

•Cloud storage is an Internet service that provides storage to computer  or mobile device users

Optical discs

•An optical disc consists of a flat, round, portable disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is written and read by a laser

•Optical discs commonly store items in a single track that spirals from the center of the disc to the edge of the disc

•Track is divided into evenly sized sectors

Other types of storage

•A magnetic stripe card contains a magnetic stripe that stores information

•A smart card stores data on an integrated circuit embedded in the card

•Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

•The RFID tag consists of an antenna and a memory chip that contains the information to be transmitted via radio waves

•An RFID reader reads the radio signal and transfers the information to a computer or computing device

•Microfilm and microfiche store microscopic images of documents on a roll or sheet film

CHAPTER 9: OPERATING SYSTEM

Operating System Functions

•An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer and mobile device hardware

•Starting Computers and Mobile Devices

–If a computer or mobile device is off, you press a power button to turn it on

•A user interface (UI) controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen

•With a graphical user interface (GUI), you interact with menus and visual images

•The operating system determines the order in which tasks are processed
•Operating systems typically provide a means to establish Internet connections
•Operating systems often provide users with a variety of tools related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs
•Automatic update automatically provides new features or corrections to the program
•A user account enables a use to sign in to, or access resources on, a network or computer
–A user name, or user ID, identifies a specific user
–A password is a private combination of characters associated with the user name

•A desktop operating system is a complete operating system that works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets

•Windows 8 offers these features:

–Start screen interface with tiles

–Includes the desktop interface

–Support for input via touch, mouse, and keyboard

–Email app, calendar app, and browser included

–Enhanced security through an antivirus program, firewall, and automatic updates

–Windows Store offers additional applications for purchase

•The Macintosh operating system has earned a reputation for its ease of use

•Latest version is OS X

•The operating system on mobile devices and many consumer electronics is called a mobile operating system and resides on firmware

•Android is an open source, Linux-based mobile operating system designed by Google for smartphones and tablets

•iOS, developed by Apple, is a proprietary mobile operating system specifically made for Apple’s mobile devices

•Windows Phone, developed by Microsoft, is a proprietary mobile operating system that runs on some smartphones

CHAPTER 7 & MICROSOFT POWER POINT

CHAPTER 7: INPUT AND OUTPUT

Input

•       Input is any data and instructions entered into the memory of a computer

A keyboard is an input device that contains keys users press to enter data and instructions into a computer or mobile device	A pointer is a small symbol on the screen whose location and shape change as a user moves a pointing device
Pen input-With pen input, you touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat surface to write, draw, or make selections	Motion input-With motion input, sometimes called gesture recognition, users can guide on-screen elements using air gestures
Voice input is the process of entering input by speaking into a microphone	Audio input is the process of entering any sound into the computer such as speech, music, and sound effects
Video input is the process of capturing full-motion images and storing them on a computer or mobile device’s storage medium	A scanner is a light-sensing input device that reads printed text and graphics and then translates the results into a form the computer can process

      Output

•       Output is data that has been processed into a useful form

Displays

•       A display visually conveys text, graphics, and video information

•       A monitor is a display that is packaged as a separate peripheral device

•       Home users sometimes use a digital television (DTV) as a display

•       HDTV is the most advanced form of digital television

•       A Smart TV is an Internet-enabled HDTV

Printers

•       A printer produces text and graphics on a physical medium

A non impact printer forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually contacting the paper	An ink-jet printer forms characters and graphics by spraying tiny drops of liquid ink onto a piece of paper
Laser printer	An all-in-one printer is a single device that prints, scans, copies, and in some cases, faxes
A thermal printer generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against the heat-sensitive paper	A mobile printer is a small, lightweight, battery-powered printer that allows a mobile user to print from a mobile device
A label printer is a small printer that prints on an adhesive-type material that can be placed on a variety of items	Impact printers form characters and graphics on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon that physically contacts the paper

Other output devices

Speaker	Headphones
Earbuds/ earphones	Data projector
Joysticks, wheels, gamepads, and motion-sensing game controllers

Assistive Technology Input and Output

Braille input

Braille printer

MICROSOFT: POWER POINT

How to use a power point?

Part1

Creating a Presentation

1. 
   1
   Choose between a blank presentation and a template. When you start a new PowerPoint file, you can either create a blank presentation or a template. Blank presentations allow you to apply your own style, but this can be a time-consuming process. Templates can give your presentation a uniform style, but they may not suit your exact needs.

   • You can edit any aspect of a template, so feel free to choose one that mostly matches your vision and tweak it as you see fit.
   • You can apply themes to your project at a later time after you've added content. Click the Design tab and select a theme. It will be immediately applied to your project. You can either undo it (Ctrl + Z) or revert to a blank theme if you don't like it.
   • You can access templates from the File tab. Click New and then browse the available templates. You can also download additional templates from a variety of resources online.
2. 
   2
   Create your title slide. Your title is the first thing that your audience will see. It should be easy to read and give a basic overview about the topic of the presentation. Most presenters will include their or their group's name on the title as well.
3. 
   3
   Add new slides for content. Press Ctrl + M for a new slide. A blank slide will be added after the slide you are currently on. The slide will contain a title box and a text box. You can choose to use these or insert your own objects using the Insert tab.

   • When adding a text box, you can click and drag to make it whatever size you'd like. You can then adjust this later by grabbing one of the corners with your cursor and then clicking and dragging again.
   • You can click on any text box and start typing to begin adding text to your presentation. You can format text just as you would in Word, with formatting options available in the Home tab.
4. 
   4
   Navigate your presentation. You can use the frame on the left side of the window to quickly scroll through your slides. Clicking any of them will open that slide so that you can edit it. You can click the Outline tab to see an outline tree of your presentation. Each slide will be labeled by the slide title.
5. 
   5
   Preview your presentation. You can get a basic feel for the flow of your presentation at this point by pressing F5 to start the slide show. Click the mouse to advance the slides. Use the preview slide show to get an idea of how long the presentation is and how well information flows from one slide to the next.

Part2

Jazzing It Up

1. 
   1
   Add transitions between slides. Once you have some content in your slides, you can start adding some effects to help make it a bit more interesting for your audience. Select a slide and click the Transitions tab. You will see a list of the most common transitions. You can also click the arrow at the end of the list to open the full listing of available transitions.

   • When you pick a transition, it will affect how that slide appears. For example, adding a transition to Slide 2 will affect how Slide 1 transitions into Slide 2. You will be able to see a preview in the slide editing window when you click each transition.
   • Don't add too much transitions to your presentation. This can be distracting to the audience and keeps them from focusing on your what is the most important which is your content.
2. 
   2
   Add backgrounds. Plain white is boring. If your presentation is standard text on a plain white background, half of your audience will be asleep before you reach the third slide. Use subtle backgrounds to add a little visual flair to your project.

   • Right-click on a blank section of your slide and select "Format Background", or click the Design tab and the click the arrow icon next to "Background" on the far right.
   • Choose your fill type. You can choose a solid color, a gradient fill, a picture background, or a pattern fill. Selecting each choice will display several options for it, such as fill color, picture location, gradient settings, and more. Experiment until you find the background that fits your presentation.
   • By default, the background will only be applied to your active slide. Click the "Apply to All" button to apply your background choices to every slide.
   • Make sure that your text is still easily readable with the background you choose.
3. 
   3
   Add images. Adding pictures, diagrams, and other visual aids can help the audience grasp the ideas of your presentation and drive your point home. Images break up the monotony of text and help keep the audience from tuning out.

   • Click the Insert tab. There will be a large number of options when it comes to inserting objects. Click the Picture button to insert a picture from a file on your computer. You can click the Photo Album button to insert an entire album of photos into the slide as well.
   • Use the Charts button to insert easy-to-read charts that will help the audience understand your data. Once you choose your Chart type, Excel will open, allowing you to enter in your data or copy it from an existing spreadsheet.
   • Use the Shapes button to insert pre-made shapes or dray your own. You can use the shapes to outline important text or create arrows and other visual indicators.
   • Avoid drowning your presentation with pictures. If it looks too busy, the audience will have a hard time parsing your written information.
4. 
   4
   Add links. You can add links to your slides that will allow you to quickly access websites or email addresses. This can be especially useful if you are distributing the presentation and want people to be able to easily view related webpages or send you an email.

   • To add a link, place your cursor in a text box and then click the Hyperlink button on the Insert tab. You can choose to link to a file on your computer, a webpage, an email address, or even another slide in your presentation.
5. 
   5
   Embed video. You can add video files to your slides. This can be useful for reports or any other video file that may relate to your presentation. The video file will play when the slide appears.^[1]

   • Click the Video button in the Insert tab. you will be able to browse your computer for video files.
   • While it's not as straightforward, you can embed YouTube videos as well. See this guide to learn how.

Part3

Making It Memorable

1. 
   1
   Keep the number of slides to a minimum. Extremely long presentations will bore your audience, even if they are obsessed with your subject matter. Extraneous slides with little to no content will also make the presentation drag and wear on the audience's interest. Try to keep your presentation short and sweet, and make sure you are using the space on each slide to it's maximum potential.
2. 
   2
   Choose a good font size. Presentations are designed to be read, otherwise it would just be a speech. Make sure that your audience will be able to easily read what you have written. A 10 point font may look okay when you're sitting at your computer, but when it's projected on the screen, people may be leaning forward in their seats straining to read.

   • On a related note, make sure that your font choice is readable as well. Curvy and extravagant fonts may look cool, but they'll make your audience just stop caring if they can't read it.
3. 
   3
   Apply a consistent, subtle style. The best presentations are those that have a consistent, deliberate style. use minimal amounts of color and stylistic accents to make your presentation stand out without being garish. When in doubt, use one of the templates for a guide.
4. 
   4
   Triple-check for spelling and grammar errors. If you misspell a word, you might not notice it, but someone in your audience will be sure to spot it. Spelling and grammar mistakes will lower your credibility, even subconsciously, so you'll want to work extra hard to ensure that everything is written clearly and correctly.^[2]

   • Get someone to help you proofread your presentation before you give it. A fresh set of eyes are much more likely to catch mistakes that you gloss over.
5. 
   5
   Practice! The PowerPoint is only part of your presentation. The other part is you! Take some time and practice your talking points as well as moving through the slides. Work on your timing and ensure that each slide accurately sums up your talking points. Make your own notes or memorize your presentation; reading off of your slides while you are giving your presentation is a big no-no.

   • See this guide for more information on giving a successful presentation, either in class or at the office.